備考FRM考試，FRM真題的重要性很多考生是不了解的，考前進(jìn)行FRM真題練習(xí)是很有效果的。今天融躍小編給大家?guī)鞦RM真題每日一練！

The KMV model measures the normalized "distance from default". How is this defined?

A) (Expected Assets - Weighted Debt) / (Volatility of assets)

》》》2022年新版FRM一二級內(nèi)部資料免·費領(lǐng)?。　揪A版】

點擊領(lǐng)取

B) Equity/ (Volatility of equity)

C) Probability of stock price falling below a threshold

D) Leverage x Stock Price Volatility

答案：A

解析：The distance to default is defined as (Expected Assets - weighted debt)/(Volatility of assets). It is a normalized measure of default and therefore may be used for comparing one company to another. It does not tell you the probability of default.

In order to extend this measure to a probability of default, KMV uses historical default rates to determine an expected default frequency as a function of the distance to default.

Suppose a firm has two debt issues outstanding. One is a senior debt issue that matures in three years with a principal amount of $100 million. The other is a subordinate debt issue that also matures in three years with a principal amount of $50 million. The annual interest rate is 5% and the volatility of the firm value is estimated to be 15%. If the volatility of the firm value declines in the Merton model then which of the following statements is true?

A) If the firm is experiencing financial distress (low firm value), then the value of senior debt will increase while the values of subordinate debt and equity will both decline.

B) If the firm is not experiencing financial distress (high firm value), then the value of senior debt and subordinate debt and equity will increase.

C) If the firm is experiencing financial distress (low firm value), then the value of senior debt and subordinate debt will increase while equity values will declines.

D) If the firm is not experiencing financial distress (high firm value), then the value of senior debt will increase while the values of subordinate debt and equity will both decline.掃碼咨詢，立享優(yōu)惠

答案：A

解析：When firms with subordinate debt are experiencing financial distress (low firm values), changes in the value of subordinate will react to changes in the model parameters in the same way as equity. Since equity is valued as a call option in the Merton model, a decline in volatility will reduce the value of equity (and subordinate debt).

When firms with subordinate debt are not experiencing financial distress (high firm values), changes in the value of subordinate will react to changes in the model parameters in the same way as senior debt. Since senior debt is valued as the difference in firm value less equity valued as a call option in the Merton model, a decline in volatility will increase the value of senior debt (and subordinate debt).

如果想要獲得更多關(guān)于FRM考試的真題解析，點擊在線咨詢或者添加融躍老師微信（rongyuejiaoyu）！